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A neutral-density filter (ND filter) is a type of camera filter that reduces the amount of light that enters the camera lens without affecting the color of the image. ND filters are useful in situations where you want to achieve a shallow depth of field or use a slow shutter speed, but the available light is too bright.
ND filters come in different levels of light reduction, usually measured in stops. Common ND filter strengths include 1-stop, 2-stop, 3-stop, 6-stop, and 10-stop. The higher the number of stops, the more light is reduced.
ND filters are particularly useful for wedding photography, where you may want to capture images with a shallow depth of field, such as portraits, while shooting in bright outdoor conditions. ND filters can also be used for creative effects, such as capturing long exposures of moving water or blurring motion in the background of a photo.
When using an ND filter, it's important to adjust the camera settings accordingly to compensate for the reduced light. This may involve opening up the aperture, using a slower shutter speed, or adjusting the ISO. ND filters can be attached to the front of the camera lens using a filter holder or a screw-in filter, depending on the type of filter and lens.
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